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The first English translation by a native scholar (i.e., scholar who is a native speaker of Tamil) was made in 1915 by T. Tirunavukkarasu, who translated 366 couplets into English. The first complete English translation by a native scholar was made the following year by V. V. S. Aiyar , who translated the entire work in prose.
The Kural: English Translation of the Ancient Tamil Text Thirukkural: Chennai (Rare Publications) 2023: Complete: 144 pages. ISBN: 978-9383826643: K. Dhevendhiran: Tirukkural: English version: Kindle edition: 2023: 221 pages: A. Rajamanickam: The Holy Kural: A Comprehensive Prose Rendering Work (Thamarai Publications) 2023: ISBN: 978-8123445236 ...
It contained the original Tamil text of the Kural, Parimelalhagar's commentary, Ramanuja Kavirayar's amplification of the commentary and Drew's English prose translation. However, Drew translated only 630 couplets, and the remaining were translated by John Lazarus , a native missionary, providing the first complete translation in English made ...
John Lazarus (1845–1925) was a Christian missionary to India who rendered the Tirukkural into English.He revised the work of his predecessor William Henry Drew, who had already translated the first 63 chapters (out of the total of 133 chapters) of the Tirukkural, and translated the remaining portion of the Kural text.
Aṟam is the Tamil word for what is known in Sanskrit as 'Dharma', and pāl means 'division'. [5] [6] The concept of aṟam or dharma is of pivotal importance in Indian philosophy and religion. With a long and varied history, the word straddles a complex set of meanings and interpretations, rendering it impossible to provide a single concise ...
The most common alias used of the Kural text. It is also given in English as "The Universal Scripture", "The Universal Veda" and "The Universal Bible". 11: தமிழ்மனு நூல் (Tamilmanu ṉūl) The book of Tamil Manu: Traditional: Parimelalhagar's commentary (c. 13th century CE) One of the twelve most traditional names. [9] 12
S. N. Sriramadesikan had a long scholarly career in the fields of language, literature and translation in Sanskrit, Tamil and English. He was appointed by the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran as special officer in the State Government Department of Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy for about 13 years, during which time he worked on his comprehensive and well-researched ...
Thiruvalluvar, one of the greatest authors in Indian history, wrote Thirukkural more than 2000 years ago. The Thirukkural is one of the most revered ancient works in the Tamil language. It is considered a 'common creed', providing a guide for human morals and betterment in life. The Thirukkural has been translated into several languages."