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Dantrolene sodium, sold under the brand name Dantrium among others, is a postsynaptic muscle relaxant that lessens excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It achieves this by inhibiting Ca 2+ ions release from sarcoplasmic reticulum stores by antagonizing ryanodine receptors . [ 8 ]
The most common side effects of tramadol in order of decreasing incidence are: [1] [2 ... Serious adverse effects are in bold. Very common (>10% frequency) ...
Increased concentrations of nortriptyline may increase the risk for side effects, including anticholinergic and nervous system adverse effects, while decreased concentrations may reduce the drug's efficacy. [39] [40] [41] Individuals can be categorized into different types of CYP2D6 metabolizers depending on which genetic variations they carry ...
No drug has been shown to be better than another, and all of them have adverse effects, particularly dizziness and drowsiness. [ 14 ] [ 16 ] Concerns about possible abuse and interaction with other drugs, especially if increased sedation is a risk, further limit their use. [ 14 ]
It is also advised that patients start treatment on half the normal dose (i.e. 50 mg daily instead of 100 mg daily), and should stop taking diacerein if diarrhea occurs. It should not be used in any patient with liver disease or a history of liver disease, and doctors should be monitoring their patients for early signs of liver problems.
Diclofenac, sold under the brand name Voltaren among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammatory diseases such as gout. [6] [9] It can be taken orally (swallowed by mouth), inserted rectally as a suppository, injected intramuscularly, injected intravenously, applied to the skin topically, or through eye drops.
Itopride poorly penetrates across the blood brain barrier because of its high polarity and thus itopride does not tend to cause any central nervous system adverse effects. [7] Itopride has no effect on potassium channels. [15] Similarly to other D 2 receptor antagonists, itopride has been found to dose-dependently increase prolactin levels. [6]
All medicines may have adverse effect on patients; some serious adverse effects of anesthesia may be caused by inhalational anesthetic, although in general these medicines are highly safe and useful. [18] Using the correct amount of balanced anesthetic agents, the adverse effects can be reduced to some extent. [18]