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Tryptophan ball and stick model spinning. Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) [3] is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent.
Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome is a rare, sometimes fatal neurological condition linked to the ingestion of the dietary supplement L-tryptophan. [1] [2] The risk of developing EMS increases with larger doses of tryptophan and increasing age. [3]
Oxitriptan, also known as L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and sold under various brand names, is a medication and over-the-counter dietary supplement used in the treatment of depression and for other indications. [2] [1] [3] [4] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects of oxitriptan include appetite loss, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and serotonin ...
Retrosynthetically, the C-5 stereocenter could be analysed as having the same configuration of the alpha carbon of the naturally occurring amino acid L-tryptophan, the precursor to all biosynthetic ergoline compounds.
Serotonin and tryptophan have been found in chocolate with varying cocoa contents. The highest serotonin content (2.93 μg/g) was found in chocolate with 85% cocoa, and the highest tryptophan content (13.27–13.34 μg/g) was found in 70–85% cocoa. The intermediate in the synthesis from tryptophan to serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, was not found.
5-HTP is produced from the amino acid tryptophan through the action of the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase. Tryptophan hydroxylase is one of the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Production of 5-HTP is the rate-limiting step in 5-HT (serotonin) synthesis. 5-HTP is normally rapidly converted to 5-HT by amino acid decarboxylase. [1]
Almotriptan has linear pharmacokinetics up to the 16-fold standard dose. Its biological half-life is 3 hours, and its bioavailability 70%. C max is observed 1.5–4 hours after oral administration, and approximately 50% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Hypertryptophanemia is a rare autosomal recessive [2] metabolic disorder that results in a massive buildup of the amino acid tryptophan in the blood, with associated symptoms and tryptophanuria (-uria denotes 'in the urine'). [3] [4] Elevated levels of tryptophan are also seen in Hartnup disease, [5] a disorder of amino acid transport. [6]
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