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A page from an Uzbek book printed in Arabic script. Tashkent, 1911.. The Uzbek language has been written in various scripts: Latin, Cyrillic and Arabic. [1] The language traditionally used Arabic script, but the official Uzbek government under the Soviet Union started to use Cyrillic in 1940, which is when widespread literacy campaigns were initiated by the Soviet government across the Union.
Uzbek is the western member of the Karluk languages, a subgroup of Turkic; the eastern variant is Uyghur. Karluk is classified as a dialect continuum.Northern Uzbek was determined to be the most suitable variety to be understood by the most number of speakers of all Turkic languages despite it being heavily Persianized, [14] excluding the Siberian Turkic languages. [15]
Other than the additional combined letter "نگ / -ng", the consonants of Uzbek Arabic Alphabet are identical to that of Persian. Thus, there indeed is a case of various letters representing the same sound, as is the case in Persian. But the letters "ث، ح، ذ، ژ، ص، ض، ط، ظ، ع" are not used for writing of native Uzbek words ...
Before 1928, Uzbek was written in an Arabic-based alphabet by the literate population. Between 1928 and 1940, it was written in a Latin alphabet which was different from the Latin alphabet that is used today. Starting from 1940, Uzbek began to be written in the Cyrillic alphabet, which remained the predominant form of writing until 1993.
The Uzbek language is one of the Turkic languages close to the Uyghur language, and both of them belong to the Karluk languages branch of the Turkic language family. Uzbek language is the only official state language, [4] and since 1992 is officially written in the Latin alphabet, with heavy usage of the Cyrillic alphabet throughout the country.
After the independence of Uzbekistan from the former Soviet Union, the government decided to replace the Cyrillic script with a modified Latin alphabet, specifically for Turkic languages. Historically, the nomadic Uzbeks who founded the Uzbek Khanate and its other successor states spoke various dialects of Turkic language.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Uzbek language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Gʻ (g with turned comma above right; minuscule: gʻ) is the 26th letter of the Uzbek Latin alphabet, representing the voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/, like the French r in "rouge". It was adopted in the May 1995 revision of the alphabet, replacing Ğ. [1] It was also used for the same sound in the Karakalpak alphabet until 2016, when it was ...