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The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R), developed by Christopher Kearney and Wendy Silverman, is a psychological assessment tool designed to evaluate school refusal disorder symptoms in children and identify their reasons for avoiding school. [1]
School refusal is a child-motivated refusal to attend school or difficulty remaining in class for the full day. [1] Child-motivated absenteeism occurs autonomously, by the volition of the child. This behavior is differentiated from non-child-motivated absences in which parents withdraw children from school or are unable to bring their children ...
The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a widely used caregiver report form identifying problem behavior in children. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is widely used in both research and clinical practice with youths. It has been translated into more than 90 languages, [ 3 ] and normative data are available integrating information from multiple societies.
School refusal — also called school avoidance — is becoming increasingly common in children and teens due to soaring rates of anxiety and post-pandemic fallout. Skip to main content ...
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [b] is a mental and behavioral disorder [8] that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, domestic violence, child abuse, warfare and its associated traumas, natural disaster, traffic collision, or other threats on a person's life or well-being.
Informed refusal is where a person has refused a recommended medical treatment based upon an understanding of the facts and implications of not following the treatment. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Informed refusal is linked to the informed consent process, as a patient has a right to consent, but also may choose to refuse.
Pervasive refusal syndrome (PRS), also known as pervasive arousal withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) is a rare hypothesized pediatric mental disorder. [1] [2] [3] PRS is not included in the standard psychiatric classification systems; that is, PRS is not a recognized mental disorder in the World Health Organization's current and upcoming International Classification of Diseases and the current ...