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The spruce grouse (Canachites canadensis), also known as Canada grouse, spruce hen or fool hen, [2] [3] is a medium-sized grouse closely associated with the coniferous boreal forests or taiga of North America. It is the only member of the genus Canachites.
Male grouse tend to be larger than female grouse, [9] which seems to hold true across all the species of grouse, with some difference within each species in terms of how drastic the size difference is. [9] The hypothesis with the most supporting evidence for the evolution of sexual dimorphism in grouse is sexual selection. [9]
Greater sage-grouse at a lek, with multiple males displaying for the less conspicuous females. A lek is an aggregation of male animals gathered to engage in competitive displays and courtship rituals, known as lekking, to entice visiting females which are surveying prospective partners with which to mate. [1]
In 2014, it was split by the IUCN as a distinct species from the spruce grouse Canachites canadensis after being considered a subspecies. However, as of early 2021 the International Ornithological Congress (IOC) [2], the American Ornithological Society [3], and the Clements taxonomy [4] retain C. f. franklinii and C. f. isleibi as subspecies of spruce grouse.
The western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), also known as the Eurasian capercaillie, wood grouse, heather cock, cock-of-the-woods, or simply capercaillie / ˌ k æ p ər ˈ k eɪ l (j) i /, [3] is a heavy member of the grouse family and the largest of all extant grouse species. The heaviest-known specimen, recorded in captivity, had a weight ...
In addition, the spruce grouse and Siberian grouse have been considered part of this genus. Females of both species (sooty grouse pictured) are mottled brown with dark brown and white marks on the underparts. In breeding plumage, this sooty grouse male is typical of the species. It is dark grey with a yellow wattle over the eye.
Adults measure around 38–43 centimetres (15–17 in). Males weigh at 580–735 grams (1.279–1.620 lb), while females weigh 650–740 grams (1.43–1.63 lb). [3] Both sexes are intricately speckled white on the belly, flanks, and undertail coverts with white streaks on the wing coverts and rump, plus a white terminal band at the tail tip.
A male found at the Kortright Center for Conservation. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) is a medium-sized grouse occurring in forests from the Appalachian Mountains across Canada to Alaska. It is the most widely distributed game bird in North America. [2] It is non-migratory. It is the only species in the genus Bonasa.