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Monoamine oxidase A, also known as MAO-A, is an enzyme (E.C. 1.4.3.4) that in humans is encoded by the MAOA gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This gene is one of two neighboring gene family members that encode mitochondrial enzymes which catalyze the oxidative deamination of amines , such as dopamine , norepinephrine , and serotonin .
Monoamine oxidases (MAO) (EC 1.4.3.4) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines, employing oxygen to clip off their amine group. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are found bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria in most cell types of the body.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as effective antidepressants , especially for treatment-resistant depression and atypical depression . [ 1 ]
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or MAOIs, including phenelzine, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, selegiline and others. Other antidepressants, including other SSRIs, SNRIs and tricyclic antidepressants
In terms of pharmacodynamics, selegiline acts as a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. [13] [7] [19] [2] It is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) at lower doses but additionally inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) at higher doses.
It is a dual or non-selective irreversible monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor, with preference for inhibition of MAO-B over MAO-A. [3] [4] It is less selective for MAO-B inhibition than AGN-1135 (racemic rasagiline) or rasagiline. [3]
Brunner syndrome is caused by a monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) deficiency, which leads to an excess of monoamines in the brain, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). In both mice and humans, a mutation was located on the eighth exon of the MAO-A gene, which created a dysfunctional MAO-A gene.
Tranylcypromine, sold under the brand name Parnate among others, [1] is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). [4] [7] More specifically, tranylcypromine acts as nonselective and irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO).