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  2. Extremal graph theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremal_graph_theory

    The Turán graph T(n,r) is an example of an extremal graph. It has the maximum possible number of edges for a graph on n vertices without (r + 1)-cliques. This is T(13,4). Extremal graph theory is a branch of combinatorics, itself an area of mathematics, that lies at the intersection of extremal combinatorics and graph theory. In essence ...

  3. Forbidden subgraph problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_subgraph_problem

    The extremal number ⁡ (,) is the maximum number of edges in an -vertex graph containing no subgraph isomorphic to . is the complete graph on vertices. (,) is the Turán graph: a complete -partite graph on vertices, with vertices distributed between parts as equally as possible.

  4. Turán's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turán's_theorem

    In graph theory, Turán's theorem bounds the number of edges that can be included in an undirected graph that does not have a complete subgraph of a given size. It is one of the central results of extremal graph theory, an area studying the largest or smallest graphs with given properties, and is a special case of the forbidden subgraph problem on the maximum number of edges in a graph that ...

  5. Ramsey-Turán theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey-Turán_theory

    Ramsey-Turán theory is a subfield of extremal graph theory. It studies common generalizations of Ramsey's theorem and Turán's theorem. In brief, Ramsey-Turán theory asks for the maximum number of edges a graph which satisfies constraints on its subgraphs and structure can have. The theory organizes many natural questions which arise in ...

  6. Erdős–Stone theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdős–Stone_theorem

    In extremal graph theory, the Erdős–Stone theorem is an asymptotic result generalising Turán's theorem to bound the number of edges in an H-free graph for a non-complete graph H. It is named after Paul Erdős and Arthur Stone, who proved it in 1946, [1] and it has been described as the “fundamental theorem of extremal graph theory”. [2]

  7. Ruzsa–Szemerédi problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruzsa–Szemerédi_problem

    A balanced tripartite graph with the unique triangle property can be made into a partitioned bipartite graph by removing one of its three subsets of vertices, and making an induced matching on the neighbors of each removed vertex. To convert a graph with a unique triangle per edge into a triple system, let the triples be the triangles of the graph.

  8. Forbidden graph characterization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_graph...

    Triangle-free graphs: Triangle K 3: Induced subgraph Definition Planar graphs: K 5 and K 3,3: Homeomorphic subgraph Kuratowski's theorem: K 5 and K 3,3: Graph minor Wagner's theorem: Outerplanar graphs: K 4 and K 2,3: Graph minor Diestel (2000), [1] p. 107: Outer 1-planar graphs: Six forbidden minors Graph minor Auer et al. (2013) [2] Graphs of ...

  9. Turán graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turán_graph

    Turán graphs are named after Pál Turán, who used them to prove Turán's theorem, an important result in extremal graph theory.. By the pigeonhole principle, every set of r + 1 vertices in the Turán graph includes two vertices in the same partition subset; therefore, the Turán graph does not contain a clique of size r + 1.

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