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  2. Exponential growth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_growth

    The growth constant k is the frequency (number of times per unit time) of growing by a factor e; in finance it is also called the logarithmic return, continuously compounded return, or force of interest. The e-folding time τ is the time it takes to grow by a factor e. The doubling time T is the time it takes to double.

  3. Fold change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_change

    Here, fold change is defined as the ratio of the difference between final value and the initial value divided by the initial value. For quantities A and B, the fold change is given as (B − A)/A, or equivalently B/A − 1. This formulation has appealing properties such as no change being equal to zero, a 100% increase is equal to 1, and a 100% ...

  4. Doubling time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubling_time

    For example, with an annual growth rate of 4.8% the doubling time is 14.78 years, and a doubling time of 10 years corresponds to a growth rate between 7% and 7.5% (actually about 7.18%). When applied to the constant growth in consumption of a resource, the total amount consumed in one doubling period equals the total amount consumed in all ...

  5. Geometric mean - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_mean

    The average percentage growth is the geometric mean of the annual growth ratios (1.10, 0.88, 1.90, 0.70, 1.25), namely 1.0998, an annual average growth of 9.98%. The arithmetic mean of these annual returns – 16.6% per annum – is not a meaningful average because growth rates do not combine additively.

  6. Growth function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_function

    1. The domain is the real line .The set-family contains all the half-lines (rays) from a given number to positive infinity, i.e., all sets of the form {>} for some .For any set of real numbers, the intersection contains + sets: the empty set, the set containing the largest element of , the set containing the two largest elements of , and so on.

  7. Decade (log scale) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decade_(log_scale)

    When a real number like .007 is denoted alternatively by 7.0 × 10 —3 then it is said that the number is represented in scientific notation.More generally, to write a number in the form a × 10 b, where 1 <= a < 10 and b is an integer, is to express it in scientific notation, and a is called the significand or the mantissa, and b is its exponent. [3]

  8. Relative change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_change

    For example, we might want to calculate the relative change of −10 to −6. The above formula gives ⁠ (−6) − (−10) / −10 ⁠ = ⁠ 4 / −10 ⁠ = −0.4, indicating a decrease, yet in fact the reading increased. Measures of relative change are unitless numbers expressed as a fraction. Corresponding values of percent change would be ...

  9. Relative growth rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_growth_rate

    RGR is a concept relevant in cases where the increase in a state variable over time is proportional to the value of that state variable at the beginning of a time period. In terms of differential equations, if is the current size, and its growth rate, then relative growth rate is