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Tay–Sachs disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disease that results in the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. [1] The most common form is infantile Tay–Sachs disease, which becomes apparent around the age of three to six months of age, with the infant losing the ability to turn over, sit, or crawl. [1]
Tay–Sachs disease was the first of these disorders to be described, in 1881, followed by Gaucher disease in 1882. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, de Duve and colleagues, using cell fractionation techniques, cytological studies, and biochemical analyses, identified and characterized the lysosome as a cellular organelle responsible for ...
Bernard Sachs, an American neurologist. The history of Tay–Sachs disease started with the development and acceptance of the evolution theory of disease in the 1860s and 1870s, the possibility that science could explain and even prevent or cure illness prompted medical doctors to undertake more precise description and diagnosis of disease.
Tay–Sachs disease has become famous as a public health model because an enzyme assay test for TSD was discovered and developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, providing one of the first "mass screening" tools in medical genetics. It became a research and public health model for understanding and preventing all autosomal genetic disorders ...
Ashkenazi Jews have been screened as Tay–Sachs carriers since carrier testing began in 1971. Since the 1970s, many Jewish communities have embraced genetic screening, and in 1971, Israel became the first country to offer free genetic screening [1] and counseling for Tay–Sachs disease and other diseases, leading to international discussion about the proper scope of genetic testing.
Stargardt disease (macular degeneration) ABCA4, CNGB3, ELOVL4, PROM1: dominant or recessive 1-1.28:10,000 Stickler syndrome (multiple forms) COL11A1, COL11A2, COL2A1, COL9A1: dominant or recessive 1:7,500-9,000 (U.S.) Strudwick syndrome (spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type) COL2A1: dominant Tay–Sachs disease: HEXA (15) recessive
Tay–Sachs disease, which can present as a fatal illness of children that causes mental deterioration prior to death, was historically extremely common among Ashkenazi Jews, [19] with lower levels of the disease in some Pennsylvania Dutch, Italian, Irish Catholic, and French Canadian descent, especially those living in the Cajun community of ...
For preventing Tay–Sachs disease, three main approaches have been used to prevent or reduce the incidence of Tay–Sachs disease in those who are at high risk: Prenatal diagnosis. If both parents are identified as carriers, prenatal genetic testing can determine whether the fetus has inherited a defective copy of the gene from both parents.