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In the human brain the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. [1] The midbrain is continuous with the thalamus of the diencephalon through the tentorial notch, and sometimes the diencephalon is included in the brainstem. [2] The brainstem is very small, making up around only 2.6 percent of the brain's total ...
The brainstem includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. Behind the brainstem is the cerebellum (Latin: little brain). [7] The cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord are covered by three membranes called meninges. The membranes are the tough dura mater; the middle arachnoid mater and the more delicate inner pia mater.
Not all animals have neurons; Trichoplax and sponges lack nerve cells altogether. Neurons may be packed to form structures such as the brain of vertebrates or the neural ganglions of insects . The number of neurons and their relative abundance in different parts of the brain is a determinant of neural function and, consequently, of behavior.
Depending upon the position of the animal, it lies either in front or on top of the brainstem. In humans, the cerebrum is the largest and best-developed of the five major divisions of the brain. In humans, the cerebrum is the largest and best-developed of the five major divisions of the brain.
Some aspects of brain structure are common to almost the entire range of animal species; [6] others distinguish "advanced" brains from more primitive ones, or distinguish vertebrates from invertebrates. [4] The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed.
Brains of an emu, a kiwi, a barn owl, and a pigeon, with visual processing areas labelled. The avian brain is the central organ of the nervous system in birds. Birds possess large, complex brains, which process, integrate, and coordinate information received from the environment and make decisions on how to respond with the rest of the body.
Brainstem (dorsal view) A:Thalamus B:Midbrain C:Pons D:Medulla oblongata 7 and 8 are the four colliculi. The midbrain is the shortest segment of the brainstem, measuring less than 2cm in length. It is situated mostly in the posterior cranial fossa, with its superior part extending above the tentorial notch. [2]
It is the part of the brainstem situated between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The horizontal medullopontine sulcus demarcates the boundary between the pons and medulla oblongata on the ventral aspect of the brainstem, and the roots of cranial nerves VI/VII/VIII emerge from the brainstem along this groove. [ 5 ]