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Capnography is the monitoring of the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the respiratory gases.Its main development has been as a monitoring tool for use during anesthesia and intensive care.
Colorimetric capnography is a qualitative measurement method that detects the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2, a relatively acidic gas) in a given gaseous environment. From a medical perspective, the method is usually applied by exposing litmus paper/film to an environment containing a patient's airway gases (i.e. placing it into their breathing circuit/airway circuit), where it will then ...
Integrated pulmonary index (IPI) is a patient pulmonary index which uses information from capnography and pulse oximetry to provide a single value that describes the patient's respiratory status. IPI is used by clinicians to quickly assess the patient's respiratory status to determine the need for additional clinical assessment or intervention.
Capnography measures the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by the patient in percent or mmHg, allowing the anaesthesiologist to assess the adequacy of ventilation. MmHg is usually used to allow the provider to see more subtle changes. Temperature measurement to discern hypothermia or fever, and to allow early detection of malignant hyperthermia.
Waveform capnography has emerged as the gold standard for the confirmation of tube placement within the trachea. Other methods relying on instruments include the use of a colorimetric end-tidal carbon dioxide detector, a self-inflating esophageal bulb, or an esophageal detection device. [35]
Masimo began offering ultra-compact mainstream and sidestream capnography as well as multigas analyzers for end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO 2), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), oxygen (O 2), and anesthetic agents, for use in the operating room, procedural sedation, and in intensive care units (ICU). [46]
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NDIR sensors are most often used for measuring carbon dioxide. [2] The best of these have sensitivities of 20–50 PPM. [2] Typical NDIR sensors cost in the (US) $100 to $1000 range. NDIR CO 2 sensors are also used for dissolved CO 2 for applications such as beverage carbonation, pharmaceutical fermentation and CO 2 sequestration applications.
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