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The War of 1812 was fought by the United States and its allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in North America. It began when the United States declared war on Britain on 18 June 1812. Although peace terms were agreed upon in the December 1814 Treaty of Ghent , the war did not officially end until the peace treaty was ratified by the ...
The Civil War of 1812: American Citizens, British Subjects, Irish Rebels, & Indian Allies (2010) Taylor, George Rogers, ed. The War of 1812: Past Justifications and Present Interpretations (1963) online free; Trautsch, Jasper M. "The Causes of the War of 1812: 200 Years of Debate," Journal of Military History (Jan 2013) 77#1 pp 273–293
British victory: 4th Xhosa War (1811–1812) United Kingdom Cape Colony: Xhosa tribes British victory. Xhosa tribes pushed beyond the Fish River, reversing their gains in the previous Xhosa wars War of 1812 (1812–1815) United Kingdom. British North America; Tecumseh's Confederacy. United States: Inconclusive or other outcome
The siege of Detroit, also known as the surrender of Detroit or the Battle of Fort Detroit, was an early engagement in the War of 1812.A British force under Major General Isaac Brock with indigenous allies under Shawnee leader Tecumseh used bluff and deception to intimidate U.S. Brigadier General William Hull into surrendering the fort and town of Detroit, Michigan, along with his dispirited ...
A group of congressmen, known as the "War Hawks", were a key driving force of the War of 1812. [9] The War Hawks efforts ultimately persuaded President James Madison to declare war on the United Kingdom. [9] This young group, composed of mainly people from Southern and Western States was led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.
The 1812 State of the Union Address was delivered by the fourth President of the United States, James Madison, on November 4, 1812.Addressing the Twelfth United States Congress, Madison reflected on the early stages of the War of 1812 and provided updates on the military, diplomatic, and economic situation facing the nation.
Historians generally agree that the real losers of the War of 1812 were the indigenous nations. [7] Tecumseh's Confederacy, which had joined the British side, was defeated and its leader, Tecumseh, killed in battle. [55] Donald R. Hickey wrote: "The big losers in the war were the Indians. As a proportion of their population, they had suffered ...
The British invasion of Maryland, 1812–1815. Baltimore: Society of the War of 1812 in Maryland; Morriss, Roger (1997). Cockburn and the British Navy in Transition: Admiral Sir George Cockburn, 1772–1853. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-253-0. OCLC 1166924740. Neimeyer, Charles P. (2014).