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A line integral (sometimes called a path integral) is an integral where the function to be integrated is evaluated along a curve. [42] Various different line integrals are in use. In the case of a closed curve it is also called a contour integral. The function to be integrated may be a scalar field or a vector field.
In mathematics, the definite integral ∫ a b f ( x ) d x {\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,dx} is the area of the region in the xy -plane bounded by the graph of f , the x -axis, and the lines x = a and x = b , such that area above the x -axis adds to the total, and that below the x -axis subtracts from the total.
The problem of evaluating the definite integral F ( x ) = ∫ a x f ( u ) d u {\displaystyle F(x)=\int _{a}^{x}f(u)\,du} can be reduced to an initial value problem for an ordinary differential equation by applying the first part of the fundamental theorem of calculus .
For instance, when evaluating definite integrals using the fundamental theorem of calculus, the constant of integration can be ignored as it will always cancel with itself. However, different methods of computation of indefinite integrals can result in multiple resulting antiderivatives, each implicitly containing different constants of ...
For real non-zero values of x, the exponential integral Ei(x) is defined as = =. The Risch algorithm shows that Ei is not an elementary function.The definition above can be used for positive values of x, but the integral has to be understood in terms of the Cauchy principal value due to the singularity of the integrand at zero.
A. Dieckmann, Table of Integrals (Elliptic Functions, Square Roots, Inverse Tangents and More Exotic Functions): Indefinite Integrals Definite Integrals; Math Major: A Table of Integrals; O'Brien, Francis J. Jr. "500 Integrals of Elementary and Special Functions". Derived integrals of exponential, logarithmic functions and special functions.
In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a central statement in complex analysis.It expresses the fact that a holomorphic function defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk, and it provides integral formulas for all derivatives of a holomorphic function.
Plot of the logarithmic integral function li(z) in the complex plane from -2-2i to 2+2i with colors created with Mathematica 13.1 function ComplexPlot3D. In mathematics, the logarithmic integral function or integral logarithm li(x) is a special function. It is relevant in problems of physics and has number theoretic significance.