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In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory.
Other possible factors that could vary pH level of a solution are the relevant equilibrium constants and the additional amounts of any base or acid. For example, in ammonium chloride solution, NH + 4 is the main influence for acidic solution. It has greater K a value compared to that of water molecules; K a of NH + 4 is 5.6 × 10 −10, and K w ...
A simple buffer solution consists of a solution of an acid and a salt of the conjugate base of the acid. For example, the acid may be acetic acid and the salt may be sodium acetate . The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a solution containing a mixture of the two components to the acid dissociation constant , K a of the acid ...
For example, a solution of table salt, also known as sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na + (aq) + Cl − (aq). The word aqueous (which comes from aqua) means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in, water. [1] [2] As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent ...
If it is the result of a reaction between a strong acid and a strong base, the result is a neutral salt. Weak acids reacted with weak bases can produce ionic compounds with both the conjugate base ion and conjugate acid ion, such as ammonium acetate. Some ions are classed as amphoteric, being able to react with either an acid or a base. [59]
Bases and acids are seen as chemical opposites because the effect of an acid is to increase the hydronium (H 3 O +) concentration in water, whereas bases reduce this concentration. A reaction between aqueous solutions of an acid and a base is called neutralization , producing a solution of water and a salt in which the salt separates into its ...
One use of conjugate acids and bases lies in buffering systems, which include a buffer solution. In a buffer, a weak acid and its conjugate base (in the form of a salt), or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are used in order to limit the pH change during a titration process. Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications.
volume (acid) × concentration (H + ions from dissociation) = volume (base) × concentration (OH − ions) In general, for an acid AH n at concentration c 1 reacting with a base B(OH) m at concentration c 2 the volumes are related by: n v 1 c 1 = m v 2 c 2. An example of a base being neutralized by an acid is as follows. Ba(OH) 2 + 2 H + → Ba ...