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  2. SOFAR channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOFAR_channel

    The SOFAR channel (short for sound fixing and ranging channel), or deep sound channel (DSC), [1] is a horizontal layer of water in the ocean at which depth the speed of sound is at its minimum. The SOFAR channel acts as a waveguide for sound, and low frequency sound waves within the channel may travel thousands of miles before dissipating.

  3. Sound velocity probe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Velocity_Probe

    This instrument can determine the salinity, temperature and pressure variables, and then calculate the sound velocity of the water using one of the many formulae available. [ 2 ] Secondly, the speed of sound may be directly measured using a small acoustic transducer and a reflecting surface, mounted at a known distance from the acoustic center ...

  4. Underwater acoustics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_acoustics

    Output of a computer model of underwater acoustic propagation in a simplified ocean environment. A seafloor map produced by multibeam sonar. Underwater acoustics (also known as hydroacoustics) is the study of the propagation of sound in water and the interaction of the mechanical waves that constitute sound with the water, its contents and its boundaries.

  5. Speed of sound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound

    The speed of sound in seawater depends on pressure (hence depth), temperature (a change of 1 °C ~ 4 m/s), and salinity (a change of 1‰ ~ 1 m/s), and empirical equations have been derived to accurately calculate the speed of sound from these variables.

  6. Echo sounding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_sounding

    Echo sounding or depth sounding is the use of sonar for ranging, normally to determine the depth of water . It involves transmitting acoustic waves into water and recording the time interval between emission and return of a pulse; the resulting time of flight , along with knowledge of the speed of sound in water, allows determining the distance ...

  7. Temporal envelope and fine structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_envelope_and_fine...

    Although pitch retrieval mechanisms in the auditory system are still a matter of debate, [76] [115] TFS n information may be used to retrieve the pitch of low-frequency pure tones [75] and estimate the individual frequencies of the low-numbered (ca. 1st-8th) harmonics of a complex sound, [116] frequencies from which the fundamental frequency of ...

  8. Voice frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_frequency

    In telephony, the usable voice frequency band ranges from approximately 300 to 3400 Hz. [2] It is for this reason that the ultra low frequency band of the electromagnetic spectrum between 300 and 3000 Hz is also referred to as voice frequency, being the electromagnetic energy that represents acoustic energy at baseband.

  9. RAFOS float - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAFOS_float

    The SOFAR channel (short for Sound Fixing and Ranging channel), or deep sound channel (DSC), is a horizontal layer of water in the ocean at which depth the speed of sound is minimal, in average around 1200 m deep. [2] It acts as a wave-guide for sound, and low frequency sound waves within the channel may travel thousands of miles before ...