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  2. Ribosomal DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal_DNA

    Due to their high importance in the assembly of ribosomes for protein biosynthesis, the rDNA genes are generally highly conserved in molecular evolution. The number of copies can vary considerably per species. [1] Ribosomal DNA is widely used for phylogenetic studies. [2] [3]

  3. Recombinant DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_DNA

    Recombinant DNA molecules are sometimes called chimeric DNA because they can be made of material from two different species like the mythical chimera. rDNA technology uses palindromic sequences and leads to the production of sticky and blunt ends. The DNA sequences used in the construction of recombinant DNA molecules can originate from any ...

  4. Protein production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_production

    Central dogma depicting transcription from DNA code to RNA code to the proteins in the second step covering the production of protein. Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein. It is typically achieved by the manipulation of gene expression in an organism such that it expresses large amounts of a ...

  5. Ribosomal RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal_RNA

    Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosome subunits. rRNA is the physical and mechanical factor of the ribosome that forces transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to process and translate the latter into proteins. [1]

  6. Site-specific recombination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site-specific_recombination

    [1] [2] [3] Enzymes known as site-specific recombinases (SSRs) perform rearrangements of DNA segments by recognizing and binding to short, specific DNA sequences (sites), at which they cleave the DNA backbone, exchange the two DNA helices involved, and rejoin the DNA strands. In some cases the presence of a recombinase enzyme and the ...

  7. Translation (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)

    The nucleotides are considered three at a time. Each such triple results in the addition of one specific amino acid to the protein being generated. The matching from nucleotide triple to amino acid is called the genetic code. The translation is performed by a large complex of functional RNA and proteins called ribosomes.

  8. Molecular cloning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloning

    Molecular cloning takes advantage of the fact that the chemical structure of DNA is fundamentally the same in all living organisms. Therefore, if any segment of DNA from any organism is inserted into a DNA segment containing the molecular sequences required for DNA replication, and the resulting recombinant DNA is introduced into the organism from which the replication sequences were obtained ...

  9. Restriction enzyme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_enzyme

    The discovery of restriction enzymes allows DNA to be manipulated, leading to the development of recombinant DNA technology that has many applications, for example, allowing the large scale production of proteins such as human insulin used by diabetic patients. [13] [24]

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