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  2. Quantum number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_number

    In the era of the old quantum theory, starting from Max Planck's proposal of quanta in his model of blackbody radiation (1900) and Albert Einstein's adaptation of the concept to explain the photoelectric effect (1905), and until Erwin Schrödinger published his eigenfunction equation in 1926, [1] the concept behind quantum numbers developed based on atomic spectroscopy and theories from ...

  3. Atomic orbital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital

    The rules restricting the values of the quantum numbers, and their energies (see below), explain the electron configuration of the atoms and the periodic table. The stationary states (quantum states) of a hydrogen-like atom are its atomic orbitals. However, in general, an electron's behavior is not fully described by a single orbital.

  4. Azimuthal quantum number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuthal_quantum_number

    In quantum mechanics, the azimuthal quantum number ℓ is a quantum number for an atomic orbital that determines its orbital angular momentum and describes aspects of the angular shape of the orbital. The azimuthal quantum number is the second of a set of quantum numbers that describe the unique quantum state of an electron (the others being ...

  5. Magnetic quantum number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_quantum_number

    Each of these orbitals can accommodate up to two electrons (with opposite spins), forming the basis of the periodic table. Other magnetic quantum numbers are similarly defined, such as m j for the z-axis component the total electronic angular momentum j, [1] and m I for the nuclear spin I. [2]

  6. Electron configuration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configuration

    An electron shell is the set of allowed states that share the same principal quantum number, n, that electrons may occupy. In each term of an electron configuration, n is the positive integer that precedes each orbital letter (helium's electron configuration is 1s 2, therefore n = 1, and the orbital contains two

  7. Term symbol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_symbol

    In atomic physics, a term symbol is an abbreviated description of the total spin and orbital angular momentum quantum numbers of the electrons in a multi-electron atom.So while the word symbol suggests otherwise, it represents an actual value of a physical quantity.

  8. Spin quantum number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_quantum_number

    During the period between 1916 and 1925, much progress was being made concerning the arrangement of electrons in the periodic table.In order to explain the Zeeman effect in the Bohr atom, Sommerfeld proposed that electrons would be based on three 'quantum numbers', n, k, and m, that described the size of the orbit, the shape of the orbit, and the direction in which the orbit was pointing. [10]

  9. Principal quantum number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_quantum_number

    The principal quantum number is one of four quantum numbers assigned to each electron in an atom to describe the quantum state of the electron. The other quantum numbers for bound electrons are the total angular momentum of the orbit ℓ, the angular momentum in the z direction ℓ z, and the spin of the electron s.