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Gastritis is the inflammation of the lining of the stomach. [1] It may occur as a short episode or may be of a long duration. [1] There may be no symptoms but, when symptoms are present, the most common is upper abdominal pain (see dyspepsia). [1]
Glomerulonephrosis is a non-inflammatory disease of the kidney presenting primarily in the glomerulus (a glomerulopathy) as nephrotic syndrome.The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and it contains the glomerulus, which acts as a filter for blood to retain proteins and blood lipids.
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant swelling. Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine. Complications may include blood clots, infections, and high blood pressure. [1]
As the glomerulonephritis progresses, the tubules of the kidney become infected, leading to atrophy and hyalinisation. The kidney appears to shrink. Treatment with corticosteroids is attempted if the disease progresses. [citation needed] In extremely rare cases, the disease has been known to run in families, usually passed down through the females.
Out of the 1,374,392 female deaths reported in the US in 2017, kidney disease was listed as the cause of death for 24,889 women and was reported as the 9th overall cause of death for women in 2017. [45] Out of the 1,439,111 male deaths reported in the US in 2017, kidney disease was not listed in the top 10 causes of death. [45]
These presenting symptoms are relatively non-specific and are often seen in other glomerular disorders. Preceding upper respiratory tract infection or post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis may contribute to hematuria, as both have been identified in patients presenting with hematuria in the context of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. [2]
The cause of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) depends on the severity of the disease. DPGN is a secondary disease, in that a disease that a patient already has causes DPGN to occur. The most common associated disease of DPGN is severe systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). [4] Specifically, Lupus nephritis class IV. [5]
A meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials comparing treatments of membranous nephropathy showed that regimes comprising chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide, either alone or with steroids, were more effective than symptomatic treatment or treatment with steroids alone in inducing remission of the nephrotic syndrome.
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