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In fluid dynamics, the entrance length is the distance a flow travels after entering a pipe before the flow becomes fully developed. [1] Entrance length refers to the length of the entry region, the area following the pipe entrance where effects originating from the interior wall of the pipe propagate into the flow as an expanding boundary layer.
Length of a hydraulic jump is often hard to measure in the field and during laboratory investigations due to the sudden changes in surface turbulence, in addition to the formation of roller and eddies. [9] The length of a hydraulic jump is often an important factor to know when considering the design of structures like settling basins.
An illustration exists of a unitless E – Y diagram and how Energy and depth of flow change throughout a Parshall Flume. The two blue lines represent the q values, q 1 for the flow before the constriction, and q 2 representing the value at the constriction (q = Q/b = ft 2 /s, or flow over width in a rectangular channel).
Driller's depth is always recorded, and it constitutes the primary depth system, unless it is later superseded by a more accurate measurement such as the depth from an open- or cased-hole wireline log. Driller's depth should always have 1) a unit of measurement e.g. meter or feet, 2) a datum reference e.g. rig floor.
A related but separate gauge is the loading gauge: a diagram or physical structure that defines the maximum height and width dimensions in railway vehicles and their loads. The difference between these two gauges is called the clearance .
In the oil industry measured depth (commonly referred to as MD, or just the depth) is the length of the drilled borehole. [1] In conventional vertical wells, this coincides with the true vertical depth , but in directional or horizontal wells, especially those using extended reach drilling , the two can deviate greatly.
Modern micrometer with a reading of 1.639 ± 0.005 mm. Assuming no zero error, this is also the measurement. (One may need to enlarge the image to read it.) Outside, inside, and depth micrometers. The outside micrometer has a unit conversion chart between fractional and decimal inch measurements etched onto the frame
Hydrolevelling is an alternative to measuring depth with clinometer and tape that has a long history of use in Russia. [4] The technique is regularly used in building construction for finding two points with the same height, as in levelling a floor.