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Somatostatin is secreted by delta cells at several locations in the digestive system, namely the pyloric antrum, the duodenum and the pancreatic islets. [14]Somatostatin released in the pyloric antrum travels via the portal venous system to the heart, then enters the systemic circulation to reach the locations where it will exert its inhibitory effects.
In both species, the peptide hormone Urocortin III (Ucn3) is a major local signal that is released from beta cells (and alpha cells in primates) to induce the local secretion of somatostatin. [3] It has also been suggested that somatostatin may be implicated in insulin-induced hypoglycaemia through a mechanism involving SGLT-2 receptors.
Human pancreatic islet by immunostaining. Nuclei of cells are shown in blue (DAPI). Beta cells are shown in green (Insulin), Delta cells are shown in white (Somatostatin). Beta cells (β-cells) are specialized endocrine cells located within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans responsible for the production and release of insulin and amylin. [1]
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Somatostatin receptor antagonists (or somatostatin inhibitors) are a class of chemical compounds that work by imitating the structure of the neuropeptide somatostatin. The somatostatin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors. Somatostatin receptor subtypes in humans are sstr1, 2A, 2 B, 3, 4 and 5. [1]
Somatostatin receptor type 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR5 gene. [5] Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. The biological effects of somatostatin are probably mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner.
The biological effects of somatostatin are probably mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. The encoded protein is a member of the superfamily of somatostatin receptors having seven transmembrane segments, and is expressed in highest levels in jejunum and stomach. [6]
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