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The first successful Norwood procedure involving the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass was reported by Dr. William Imon Norwood, Jr. and colleagues in 1981. [2] [3] Variations of the Norwood procedure, or Stage 1 palliation, have been proposed and adopted over the last 30 years; however, its basic components have remained unchanged.
A Sano shunt is a shunt from the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation. [1] [2] [3]In contrast to a Blalock–Taussig shunt, circulation is primarily in systole. [citation needed]
Following the bidirectional Glenn shunt, failure of the procedure can be broadly categorized as failure of procedure, cardiac dysfunction related to surgery, or cardiac dysfunction leading to death before further surgical intervention. [8] Retrospective reviews demonstrate failure of the procedure in 6.5% of patients.
The Fontan-Kreutzer procedure is the third procedure in the staged surgical palliation. [8] It is performed in children born with congenital heart disease without two functional ventricles and an effective parallel blood flow circuit. [9] The first stage is known as the Norwood procedure. This stage generally involves combining the pulmonary ...
Side effects in dogs and cats include hypersalivation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and vomiting. [12] [16] Eight percent of dogs taking maropitant at doses meant to prevent motion sickness vomited right after, likely due to the local effects maropitant had on the gastrointestinal tract. Small amounts of food beforehand can prevent such post ...
Animal euthanasia (euthanasia from Greek: εὐθανασία; "good death") is the act of killing an animal humanely, most commonly with injectable drugs.Reasons for euthanasia include incurable (and especially painful) conditions or diseases, [1] lack of resources to continue supporting the animal, or laboratory test procedures.
Atipamezole, sold under the brand name Antisedan among others, is a synthetic α 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist used for the reversal of the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine in dogs. Its reversal effect works by competing with the sedative for α 2-adrenergic receptors and displacing them.
Deracoxib is a coxib class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). [3] Like other NSAIDs, its effects are caused by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. [7] At the doses used to treat dogs, deracoxib causes greater inhibition of COX-2 than of COX-1, [3] but at doses twice those recommended for use in dogs, deracoxib significantly inhibits COX-1 as well.