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Post-nasal drip (PND), also known as upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), occurs when excessive mucus is produced by the nasal mucosa. The excess mucus accumulates in the back of the nose , and eventually in the throat once it drips down the back of the throat.
What is post-nasal drip? Post-nasal drip is what happens when excess mucus accumulates in the back of the throat or nose, according to Gavin Le Nobel, M.D., head and neck surgeon, and ...
The major symptoms of ENS include a sensation of suffocation, nasal dryness, nasal burning, nasal crusting, and an impaired sense of airflow through the nose in patients who have had surgery or injury to nasal turbinates. [13] ENS can greatly reduce a patient's quality of life and many patients struggle to complete activities of daily living.
Rhinitis medicamentosa is a form of drug-induced nonallergic rhinitis which is associated with nasal congestion brought on by the use of certain oral medications (primarily sympathomimetic amine and 2-imidazoline derivatives) and topical decongestants (e.g., oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, xylometazoline, and naphazoline nasal sprays) that ...
Nasal itching and paroxysmal sneezing are usually associated with nonallergic rhinitis rather than allergic rhinitis. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Other symptoms that are more specific to non-allergic rhinitis include ear plugging or discomfort with eustachian tube dysfunction , headaches, sinus pressure, and muffled hearing.
Nasal Congestion, irritation 4 Bruise 2 Eyes 2 Gastrointestinal 2 Psychiatric 2 Hemorrhoids 1 Headaches 1 Sleep disorders 1 Note: Data from the Russian Space Agency indicate that there were 304 in-flight medical events on board the space station Mir from February 7, 1987 through February 28, 1998. The numbers of astronauts at risk or the ...
Common cold or post-nasal drip: The nose dispatches mucus which is meant to assist clearing infections and allergens. Mucus which is thick is forced out with a throat clearing sound. Laryngopharyngeal reflux [2]
Water cohesion plays a bigger role in microgravity than on Earth. In space, astronauts lose fluid volume—including up to 22% of their blood volume. [81] When the astronauts return to Earth, low blood volume can cause orthostatic intolerance or dizziness when standing. [82]