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Additionally there is a single-row version, UPDATE OR INSERT INTO tablename (columns) VALUES (values) [MATCHING (columns)], but the latter does not give you the option to take different actions on insert versus update (e.g. setting a new sequence value only for new rows, not for existing ones.) IBM Db2 extends the syntax with multiple WHEN ...
A cursor is a pointer to a private SQL area that stores information coming from a SELECT or data manipulation language (DML) statement (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or MERGE). A cursor holds the rows (one or more) returned by a SQL statement. The set of rows the cursor holds is referred to as the active set. [12] A cursor can be explicit or implicit ...
An SQL UPDATE statement changes the data of one or more records in a table. Either all the rows can be updated, or a subset may be chosen using a condition. The UPDATE statement has the following form: [1] UPDATE table_name SET column_name = value [, column_name = value ...] [WHERE condition]
The following is an Oracle syntax example of a row level trigger that is called AFTER an update FOR EACH ROW affected. This trigger is called on an update to a phone book database. When the trigger is called it adds an entry into a separate table named phone_book_audit.
In standard SQL:1999 hierarchical queries are implemented by way of recursive common table expressions (CTEs). Unlike Oracle's earlier connect-by clause, recursive CTEs were designed with fixpoint semantics from the beginning. [1] Recursive CTEs from the standard were relatively close to the existing implementation in IBM DB2 version 2. [1]
Set operations in SQL is a type of operations which allow the results of multiple queries to be combined into a single result set. [ 1 ] Set operators in SQL include UNION , INTERSECT , and EXCEPT , which mathematically correspond to the concepts of union , intersection and set difference .
Using an INSERT statement with RETURNING clause for PostgreSQL (since 8.2). The returned list is identical to the result of a INSERT. Firebird has the same syntax in Data Modification Language statements (DSQL); the statement may add at most one row. [2] In stored procedures, triggers and execution blocks (PSQL) the aforementioned Oracle syntax ...
Queries can be nested so that the results of one query can be used in another query via a relational operator or aggregation function. A nested query is also known as a subquery. While joins and other table operations provide computationally superior (i.e. faster) alternatives in many cases, the use of subqueries introduces a hierarchy in ...