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The Michigan English Test (MET) is a multilevel, modular English language examination, which measures English language proficiency in personal, public, occupational and educational contexts. [1] It is developed by CaMLA , a not-for-profit collaboration between the University of Michigan and the University of Cambridge and has been in use since ...
Content words usually consist of nouns and regular verbs and are more rare than frequent function words. [7] [9] These word types are usually given and paid more attention to. The word “ant” is an example of a rare content word in comparison to a structurally similar looking frequent function word like “and”. [4]
The goal of the test phase is to assess whether prior retrieval practice affects how well the unpracticed–related words are remembered compared to the unpracticed–unrelated words. RIF is ultimately measured as the difference between the proportion of items recalled between these two types.
The test format doesn't seem to impact the results as it is the process of retrieval that aids the learning [79] but transfer-appropriate processing suggests that if the encoding of information is through a format similar to the retrieval format then the test results are likely to be higher, with a mismatch causing lower results. [80]
Encoding processes can occur at three levels: visual form (the letters that make up a word), phonology (the sound of a word), and semantics (the meaning of the word or sentence). With relation to memory errors, the level of processing at the time of encoding and at the time of recall should be the same. [ 37 ]
Articulatory suppression is the process of inhibiting memory performance by speaking while being presented with an item to remember. Most research demonstrates articulatory suppression by requiring an individual to repeatedly say an irrelevant speech sound out loud while being presented with a list of words to recall shortly after.
William James was the first psychologist to describe the tip of the tongue phenomenon, although he did not label it as such. The term "tip of the tongue" is borrowed from colloquial usage, [2] and possibly a calque from the French phrase avoir le mot sur le bout de la langue ("having the word on the tip of the tongue").
By having a first test that followed initial learning with a successful repetition, people are more likely to remember this successful repetition on the following tests. [15] Although expanding retrieval is commonly associated with spaced repetition, a uniform retrieval schedule is also a form of spaced repetition procedure.