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Hyperglycerolemia, also known as glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD), is a genetic disorder where the enzyme glycerol kinase is deficient resulting in a build-up of glycerol in the body. Glycerol kinase is responsible for synthesizing triglycerides and glycerophospholipids in the body. Excess amounts of glycerol can be found in the blood and/ or ...
Glycerol kinase deficiency has two main causes.. The first cause is isolated enzyme deficiency. The enzyme glycerol kinase is encoded by the X-chromosome in humans. [8] It acts as a catalyst in the phosphorylation of glycerol to glycerol-3-phosphate which plays a key role in formation of triacylglycerol (TAG) and fat storage.
CDD is a rare condition although >1,000 cases have been reported worldwide; 80-90% of the cases are female [4] While originally classified as an atypical variant of Rett syndrome, CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD) is an independent disorder and results from a pathogenic variant in a different gene (CDKL5 in CDD; MECP2 in Rett).
CDKL5 deficiency disorder had, earlier, been thought of as a variant of Rett syndrome, due to some similarities in the clinical presentation. [8] CDKL5 deficiency syndrome is now known to be an independent clinical entity caused by mutations in a distinct X-linked gene, and is considered separate from Rett Syndrome, rather than a variant of it. [9]
Glycerol kinase, encoded by the gene GK, is a phosphotransferase enzyme involved in triglycerides and glycerophospholipids synthesis. Glycerol kinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glycerol thus forming glycerol 3-phosphate :
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
glucosyltransferase I deficiency causes ALG6-CDG (CDG-Ic) [22] glucosyltransferase II deficiency causes ALG8-CDG (CDG-Ih). [23] Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-Dol A protein with hitherto unknown activity, MPDU-1, is required for the efficient presentation of Dol-P-Man and Dol-P-Glc. Its deficiency causes MPDU1-CDG (CDG-If). [24]
The scope of GSD VI now also includes glycogen storage disease type VIII, [2] IX [2] (caused by phosphorylase b kinase deficiency) and X [2] (deficiency protein kinase A). The incidence of GSD VI is approximately 1 case per 65,000–85,000 births, [2] representing approximately 30% all cases of glycogen storage disease.