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Closed-eye hallucinations and closed-eye visualizations (CEV) are hallucinations that occur when one's eyes are closed or when one is in a darkened room. They should not be confused with phosphenes, perceived light and shapes when pressure is applied to the eye's retina, or some other non-visual external cause stimulates the eye.
The visual effect is described as the loss of vision as the brain cuts off the unchanging signal from the eyes. The result is "seeing black", [ citation needed ] an apparent sense of blindness. A flickering ganzfeld causes geometrical patterns and colors to appear, and this is the working principle for mind machines and the dream machine .
Disrupting cortical homeostatic processes after vision has been lost may prevent or setback the emergence of hallucinations. [10] At varying stages of the cortical grading, acetylcholine (ACh) may impact the balance of thalamic and intracortical inputs as well as the balance in between bottom-up and top-down. [ 10 ]
A phosphene is the perception of light without light actually entering the eye, for instance caused by pressure applied to the closed eyes. A phenomenon that could be entoptical if the eyelashes are considered to be part of the eye is seeing light diffracted through the eyelashes.
Palinopsia (Greek: palin for "again" and opsia for "seeing") is the persistent recurrence of a visual image after the stimulus has been removed. [1] Palinopsia is not a diagnosis; it is a diverse group of pathological visual symptoms with a wide variety of causes. Visual perseveration is synonymous with palinopsia. [dubious – discuss]
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a non-psychotic disorder in which a person experiences apparent lasting or persistent visual hallucinations or perceptual distortions after using drugs, [1] including but not limited to psychedelics, dissociatives, entactogens, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and SSRIs.
Visual hallucinations may be simple/non-formed visual hallucinations, or complex/formed visual hallucinations. [15] Simple visual hallucinations without structure are known as phosphenes and those with geometric structure are known as photopsias. [16] These hallucinations are caused by irritation to the primary visual cortex (Brodmann's area 17 ...
One example of a pressure phosphene is demonstrated by gently pressing the side of one's eye and observing a colored ring of light on the opposite side, as detailed by Isaac Newton. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Another common phosphene is "seeing stars" from a sneeze , laughter, a heavy and deep cough, blowing of the nose , a blow on the head or low blood ...