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2. Dopaminergic pathways - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopaminergic_pathways

   addiction; schizophrenia; Nigrostriatal pathway: The nigrostriatal pathway transmits dopaminergic neurons from the zona compacta of the substantia nigra [8] to the caudate nucleus and putamen. The substantia nigra is located in the midbrain, while both the caudate nucleus and putamen are located in the dorsal striatum. motor function; reward ...

3. Mesolimbic pathway - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolimbic_pathway

   The mesolimbic pathway and a specific set of the pathway's output neurons (e.g. D1-type medium spiny neurons within the nucleus accumbens) play a central role in the neurobiology of addiction. [20] [21] [22] Drug addiction is an illness caused by habitual substance use that induces chemical changes in the brain's circuitry. [23]

4. Rubrospinal tract - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract

   The rubrospinal tract originates in the magnocellular red nucleus in the midbrain, and decussates (crosses over) at the midline in the anterior tegmental decussation. [5] [3] In the pons, it is situated medially within the rostral pontine tegmentum. [4]

5. Midbrain - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midbrain

   The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. [2] It consists of the cerebral peduncles , tegmentum , and tectum . It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal ( alertness ), and temperature regulation.

6. Addiction-related structural neuroplasticity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction-related...

   The animal models of addiction are particularly useful because animals that are addicted to a substance show behaviors similar to human addicts. This implies that the structural changes that can be observed after the animal ingests a drug can be correlated with an animal's behavioral changes, as well as with similar changes occurring in humans.

7. Ventral tegmental area - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_tegmental_area

   Neurobiologists have often had great difficulty distinguishing the VTA in humans and other primate brains from the substantia nigra (SN) and surrounding nuclei. Originally, the ventral tegmental area was designated as a ‘nucleus’, but over time ‘area’ became the more appropriate term used because of the heterogeneous cytoarchitectonic features of the region and the lack of clear ...

8. Nigrostriatal pathway - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrostriatal_pathway

   The substantia nigra is located in the ventral midbrain of each hemisphere. It has two distinct parts, the pars compacta (SNc) and the pars reticulata (SNr). The pars compacta contains dopaminergic neurons from the A9 cell group that forms the nigrostriatal pathway that, by supplying dopamine to the striatum, relays information to the basal ganglia.

9. Midbrain tegmentum - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midbrain_tegmentum

   The midbrain tegmentum is also an important part of the dopaminergic system which is essential for feelings of reward and pleasure. Two regions in the midbrain tegmentum are of particular interest. The first one is the substantia nigra which is an important part of the nigrostriatal pathway. This pathway serves to coordinate motor movements and ...