Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Car life cycle. Automobiles have significant energy use in their life cycle, not directly attributable to the running of the vehicle. An important consideration is the energy costs of producing the energy form used by the automobile. Bio-fuels, electricity and hydrogen, for instance, have significant energy inputs in their production.
Of the annual running costs of a car for an average person, 70–75% [9] are fixed costs (with respect to distance travelled): a 10% increase or decrease in usage should result in a 2.5–3% increase or decrease in annual running costs. Some of the annual running costs of a car, which are important in the economics of ownership, concern the ...
The metabolic cost of transport includes the basal metabolic cost of maintaining bodily function, and so goes to infinity as speed goes to zero. [1] A human achieves the lowest cost of transport when walking at about 6 kilometres per hour (3.7 mph), at which speed a person of 70 kilograms (150 lb) has a metabolic rate of about 450 watts . [ 1 ]
The energy cost of running between individuals is extremely variable, even when normalized for body mass. This suggests that a variety of other factors must influence the energy cost of running. The apparent individual variability of energy expenditure during running spurred the development of the concept of economy.
The unit of energy consumed is deemed to be 33.7 kilowatt-hours without regard to the efficiency of conversion of heat energy into electrical energy, also measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh). The equivalence of this unit to energy in a gallon of gasoline is true if and only if the heat engine, generating equipment, and power delivery to the car ...
Poolbeg Generating Station, a fossil gas power station owned by the semi-state electricity company, the ESB Group. Ireland is a net energy importer. Ireland's import dependency decreased to 85% in 2014 (from 89% in 2013). The cost of all energy imports to Ireland was approximately €5.7 billion, down from €6.5 billion (revised) in 2013 due mainly to falling oil and, to a lesser extent, gas ...
[65] [66] Coal has the highest external cost in the EU, and global warming is the largest part of that cost. [61] Sustainable energy avoids or greatly reduces future costs to society, such as respiratory illnesses. [67] [68] In 2022 the EU created a green taxonomy to indicate which energy investments reduce such external costs.
A study attempted to quantify the costs of cars (i.e. of car-use and related decisions and activity such as production and transport/infrastructure policy) in conventional currency, finding that the total lifetime cost of cars in Germany is between 0.6 and 1.0 million euros with the share of this cost born by society being between 41% (€4674 ...