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Other names for these quadrilaterals are concyclic quadrilateral and chordal quadrilateral, the latter since the sides of the quadrilateral are chords of the circumcircle. Usually the quadrilateral is assumed to be convex, but there are also crossed cyclic quadrilaterals. The formulas and properties given below are valid in the convex case.
Among all quadrilaterals with a given perimeter, the one with the largest area is the square. This is called the isoperimetric theorem for quadrilaterals. It is a direct consequence of the area inequality [38]: p.114 where K is the area of a convex quadrilateral with perimeter L.
Area#Area formulas – Size of a two-dimensional surface; Perimeter#Formulas – Path that surrounds an area; List of second moments of area; List of surface-area-to-volume ratios – Surface area per unit volume; List of surface area formulas – Measure of a two-dimensional surface; List of trigonometric identities
All triangles can have an incircle, but not all quadrilaterals do. An example of a quadrilateral that cannot be tangential is a non-square rectangle . The section characterizations below states what necessary and sufficient conditions a quadrilateral must satisfy to be able to have an incircle.
[15] [16] The right kites are exactly the kites that are cyclic quadrilaterals, meaning that there is a circle that passes through all their vertices. [17] The cyclic quadrilaterals may equivalently defined as the quadrilaterals in which two opposite angles are supplementary (they add to 180°); if one pair is supplementary the other is as well ...
This formula cannot be used if the quadrilateral is a right kite, since the denominator is zero in that case. If M, N are the midpoints of the diagonals, and E, F are the intersection points of the extensions of opposite sides, then the area of a bicentric quadrilateral is given by
Similar figures. In Euclidean geometry, two objects are similar if they have the same shape, or if one has the same shape as the mirror image of the other.More precisely, one can be obtained from the other by uniformly scaling (enlarging or reducing), possibly with additional translation, rotation and reflection.
This formula generalizes Heron's formula for the area of a triangle. A triangle may be regarded as a quadrilateral with one side of length zero. From this perspective, as d approaches zero, a cyclic quadrilateral converges into a cyclic triangle (all triangles are cyclic), and Brahmagupta's formula simplifies to Heron's formula.