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In software systems, encapsulation refers to the bundling of data with the mechanisms or methods that operate on the data. It may also refer to the limiting of direct access to some of that data, such as an object's components. [ 1 ]
Microencapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules, with useful properties. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In general, it is used to incorporate food ingredients , [ 3 ] enzymes , cells or other materials on a micro metric scale.
Software engineering is a field within computer science focused on designing, developing, testing, and maintaining of software applications.It involves applying engineering principles and computer programming expertise to develop software systems that meet user needs.
Eiffel Software applied for trademark registration for Design by Contract in December 2003, and it was granted in December 2004. [4] [5] The current owner of this trademark is Eiffel Software. [6] [7] Design by contract has its roots in work on formal verification, formal specification and Hoare logic. The original contributions include:
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to software engineering: Software engineering – application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is the application of engineering to software. [1]
Also, if a process halts during its critical section, control will never be returned to another process, effectively halting the entire system. A more elegant method for achieving mutual exclusion is the busy-wait. Busy-waiting is effective for both uniprocessor and multiprocessor systems.
A similar effort to define a body of knowledge for software engineering is the "Computing Curriculum Software Engineering (CCSE)," officially named Software Engineering 2004 (SE2004). The curriculum largely overlaps with SWEBOK 2004 since the latter has been used as one of its sources, although it is more directed towards academia.
In software engineering, a software development process or software development life cycle (SDLC) is a process of planning and managing software development. It typically involves dividing software development work into smaller, parallel, or sequential steps or sub-processes to improve design and/or product management .