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Groups with extended pi-delocalization have larger diamagnetic corrections compared to related saturated ligands. These correction factors were first described by Paul Pascal [ fr ] in 1910. [ 2 ] The values and the method of analysis have been revised several times.
This means that the effects are additive, and a table of "diamagnetic contributions", or Pascal's constants, can be put together. [6] [7] [8] With paramagnetic compounds the observed susceptibility can be adjusted by adding to it the so-called diamagnetic correction, which is the diamagnetic susceptibility calculated with the values from the ...
The original model demonstrated an accuracy within 1% of literature values for diamagnetic solutions and within 2% for paramagnetic solids. [5] The device facilitates measurements across solid, liquid, and gaseous forms of a wide spectrum of paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials, typically requiring approximately 250 mg of sample for each ...
Magnetic susceptibility indicates whether a material is attracted into or repelled out of a magnetic field. Paramagnetic materials align with the applied field and are attracted to regions of greater magnetic field. Diamagnetic materials are anti-aligned and are pushed away, toward regions of lower magnetic fields.
Diamagnetic materials, like water, or water-based materials, have a relative magnetic permeability that is less than or equal to 1, and therefore a magnetic susceptibility less than or equal to 0, since susceptibility is defined as χ v = μ v − 1. This means that diamagnetic materials are repelled by magnetic fields.
The Hamiltonian for an electron in a static homogeneous magnetic field in an atom is usually composed of three terms = + (+) + where is the vacuum permeability, is the Bohr magneton, is the g-factor, is the elementary charge, is the electron mass, is the orbital angular momentum operator, the spin and is the component of the position operator orthogonal to the magnetic field.
For many paramagnetic materials, the magnetization of the material is directly proportional to an applied magnetic field, for sufficiently high temperatures and small fields.
= corresponds to the diamagnetic spin-unpolarized situation with equal and spin densities whereas = corresponds to the ferromagnetic situation where one spin density vanishes. The spin correlation energy density for a given values of the total density and relative polarization, є c ( ρ , ς ), is constructed so to interpolate the extreme values.