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A Carnot heat engine [2] is a theoretical heat engine that operates on the Carnot cycle. The basic model for this engine was developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824. The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically explored by Rudolf Clausius in 1857, work that led to the ...
A Carnot cycle is an ideal thermodynamic cycle proposed by French physicist Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s. By Carnot's theorem, it provides an upper limit on the efficiency of any classical thermodynamic engine during the conversion of heat into work, or conversely, the efficiency of a refrigeration system in creating a temperature difference through ...
The reversible heat engine efficiency can be determined by analyzing a Carnot heat engine as one of reversible heat engine. This conclusion is an important result because it helps establish the Clausius theorem , which implies that the change in entropy S {\displaystyle S} is unique for all reversible processes: [ 4 ]
Empirically, no heat engine has ever been shown to run at a greater efficiency than a Carnot cycle heat engine. Figure 2 and Figure 3 show variations on Carnot cycle efficiency with temperature. Figure 2 indicates how efficiency changes with an increase in the heat addition temperature for a constant compressor inlet temperature.
For a heat engine, thermal efficiency is the ratio of the net work output to the heat input; in the case of a heat pump, thermal efficiency (known as the coefficient of performance or COP) is the ratio of net heat output (for heating), or the net heat removed (for cooling) to the energy input (external work). The efficiency of a heat engine is ...
The operating principle of an ideal heat engine was described mathematically using the Carnot cycle by Sadi Carnot in 1824. An ideal refrigerator or heat pump can be thought of as an ideal heat engine that is operating in a reverse Carnot cycle. [5] Heat pump cycles and refrigeration cycles can be classified as vapor compression, vapor ...
As Carnot explained, such a cycle constitutes the most efficient heat engine possible (given the temperatures of the two reservoirs), not only because of the (trivial) absence of friction, heat leakage, or other incidental wasteful processes: The main reason is that it involves no conduction of heat between parts of the engine at different ...
The first realization of a quantum heat engine was pointed out by Scovil and Schulz-DuBois in 1959, [1] showing the connection of efficiency of the Carnot engine and the 3-level maser. Quantum refrigerators share the structure of quantum heat engines with the purpose of pumping heat from a cold to a hot bath consuming power first suggested by ...