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  2. Hardy–Weinberg principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy–Weinberg_principle

    Alleles are inherited independently from each parent. A dominant allele can be inherited from a homozygous dominant parent with probability 1, or from a heterozygous parent with probability 0.5. To represent this reasoning in an equation, let A t {\displaystyle \textstyle A_{t}} represent inheritance of a dominant allele from a parent.

  3. Allele - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele

    An allele [1] (or allelomorph) is a variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location, or locus, on a DNA molecule. [2]Alleles can differ at a single position through single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), [3] but they can also have insertions and deletions of up to several thousand base pairs.

  4. List of genetic disorders - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders

    The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child. There are over 6,000 known genetic disorders in humans.

  5. Genetic disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorder

    A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. It can be caused by a mutation in a single gene (monogenic) or multiple genes (polygenic) or by a chromosome abnormality .

  6. Gene polymorphism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_polymorphism

    A rule of thumb that is sometimes used is to classify genetic variants that occur below 1% allele frequency as mutations rather than polymorphisms. [8] However, since polymorphisms may occur at low allele frequency, this is not a reliable way to tell new mutations from polymorphisms. [9] A mutation is a change to an inherited genetic sequence.

  7. Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateson–Dobzhansky...

    The Dobzhansky–Muller model describes the negative epistatic interactions that occur between different alleles (versions) of different genes with a different evolutionary history. [1] [5] These genetic incompatibilities can occur when populations are hybridising. When two populations diverge from a common ancestor and become isolated from ...

  8. Non-Mendelian inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Mendelian_inheritance

    In Mendelian inheritance, genes have only two alleles, such as a and A. Mendel consciously chose pairs of genetic traits, represented by two alleles for his inheritance experiments. In nature, such genes often exist in several different forms and are therefore said to have multiple alleles. An individual usually has only two copies of each gene ...

  9. Loss of heterozygosity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_heterozygosity

    There is a critical difference between deletion and CN-LOH, as the latter mechanism cannot be detected by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)-based gene copy number counting, and requires allelic genotyping. Either way, LOH leaves only non-functioning alleles of the TSG, and the individual may go on to develop cancer.