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A useful way of planning is to break down tasks into a hierarchy, using a tree diagram. The process decision program chart (PDPC) extends the tree diagram a couple of levels to identify risks and countermeasures for the bottom level tasks. Different shaped boxes are used to highlight risks and identify possible countermeasures (often shown as ...
In addition, outcomes issues are dealt with in traditional areas such as: strategic planning; business planning and risk management. Outcomes theory theorizes a sub-set of topics covered in diverse ways in other disciplines such as: performance management, organizational development, program evaluation, policy analysis, economics and the other ...
Integrated Master Plan – (IMP) is an event-based, top level plan, consisting of a hierarchy of Program Events. Milestones are tools used in project management to mark specific points along a project timeline. Project charter is a statement of the scope, objectives, and participants in a project.
Example from MIL-HDBK-881, which illustrates the first three levels of a typical aircraft system [1]. A work-breakdown structure (WBS) [2] in project management and systems engineering is a deliverable-oriented breakdown of a project into smaller components.
"Rational social management", he said, "proceeds in a spiral of steps, each of which is composed of a circle of planning, action, and fact-finding about the result of action". [22] Figure 1: Systems Model of Action-Research Process. Lewin's description of the process of change involves three steps: [22]
Anthony's Triangle. The Anthony triangle [1] (also Anthony's triangle) is an organizational model.The triangle takes a hierarchical view of management structure, with many operational decisions at the bottom, some tactical decisions in the middle and few but important strategic decisions at the top of the triangle.
Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by planning (MBP), was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management. [1] Management by objectives is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence.
The GBS is the culmination of three concepts: the hierarchical relationship of product development, the work breakdown structure and requirements traceability.. The concept of a hierarchical relationship among objectives in product development was identified by Joseph M. Juran in Juran's Quality Control Handbook [2] where he states in section 2.2, subsection Hierarchy of Product Features ...