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Acclaimed for relieving chronic pain, some researchers conclude that the evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of CBD in pain relief, primarily due to the challenging access to pure CBD. [41] CBD oil is used for massage therapy as a substitute for body oil and for its health benefits. [42]
Interactions with other drugs, food and drink, and other factors may increase or decrease the effect of certain analgesics and alter their half-life. Because some listed analgesics are prodrugs or have active metabolites , individual variation in liver enzymes (e.g., CYP2D6 enzyme) may result in significantly altered effects.
7-Hydroxycannabidiol (7-OH-CBD) is an active metabolite of cannabidiol, generated in the body from cannabidiol by the action of the enzyme CYP2C19. [1] While methods have been developed for its synthetic production, [2] and measurement of levels in the body following consumption of cannabidiol, [3] its pharmacology has been relatively little studied, though it has been found to possess similar ...
CBD is hydroxylated by P450 liver enzymes into 7-OH-CBD. Its metabolites are products of primarily CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activity, with potential activity of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6. [69] Similar to delta-9-THC, a majority of CBD is excreted in feces and some in the urine. [57] The terminal half-life is approximately 18–32 hours. [70]
CBD shares a precursor with THC and is the main cannabinoid in CBD-dominant Cannabis strains. CBD has been shown to play a role in preventing the short-term memory loss associated with THC. [29] There is tentative evidence that CBD has an anti-psychotic effect, but research in this area is limited. [30] [24]
A dried cannabis flower. The short-term effects of cannabis are caused by many chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, including 113 [clarification needed] different cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol, and 120 terpenes, [1] which allow its drug to have various psychological and physiological effects on the human body.
CBD is a very low-affinity CB 1 ligand, that can nevertheless affect CB 1 receptor activity in vivo in an indirect manner, while THCV is a high-affinity CB 1 receptor ligand and potent antagonist in vitro and yet only occasionally produces effects in vivo resulting from CB 1 receptor antagonism.