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They can appear as various types of ulcers and blisters. [10] Bullous pemphigoid is a condition that causes itchy blisters over the body that can mimic frostbite. [18] It does not require exposure to cold to develop. Levamisole toxicity is a vasculitis that can appear similar to frostbite. [18] It is caused by contamination of cocaine by ...
Various methods of treatment are used, depending greatly on the length of exposure and other factors. There are documented cases using both conservative and invasive treatments, including skin grafting and/or the application of nonadhesive dressing alongside topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. However, the use of steroids may ...
Frey's syndrome (also known as Baillarger's syndrome, Dupuy's syndrome, auriculotemporal syndrome, [1] or Frey-Baillarger syndrome) is a rare neurological disorder resulting from damage to or near the parotid glands responsible for making saliva, and from damage to the auriculotemporal nerve often from surgery. [1] [2] The symptoms of Frey's ...
Burns that affect only the superficial skin layers are known as superficial or first-degree burns. [2] [11] They appear red without blisters, and pain typically lasts around three days. [2] [11] When the injury extends into some of the underlying skin layer, it is a partial-thickness or second-degree burn. [2]
After 1–3 weeks burn symptoms appear; erythema, increased skin pigmentation (dark colored patches and raised areas), followed by epilation and skin lesions. Erythema occurs after 5–15 Gy, dry desquamation after 17 Gy, and bullous epidermitis after 72 Gy. [15] Chronic radiation keratosis may develop after higher doses. Primary erythema ...
Peripheral neuropathy may be classified according to the number and distribution of nerves affected (mononeuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, or polyneuropathy), the type of nerve fiber predominantly affected (motor, sensory, autonomic), or the process affecting the nerves; e.g., inflammation (), compression (compression neuropathy), chemotherapy (chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy).
A more recent treatment for severe Raynaud's is the use of botulinum toxin. The 2009 article [ 37 ] studied 19 patients ranging in age from 15 to 72 years with severe Raynaud's phenomenon of which 16 patients (84%) reported pain reduction at rest; 13 patients reported immediate pain relief, three more had gradual pain reduction over 1–2 months.
Cold urticaria (essentially meaning cold hives) is a disorder in which large red welts called hives (urticaria) form on the skin after exposure to a cold stimulus. [1] The hives are usually itchy and often the hands, feet and other parts of the body will become itchy and swollen as well.