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Modafinil does not improve mood or motivation in sleep-deprived or non-sleep deprived individuals. [28] Methylphenidate – a benzylpiperidine derivative that may improve working memory, episodic memory, and inhibitory control, aspects of attention, and planning latency in healthy people.
[1] [2] Agents or methods of neuroenhancement are intended to affect cognitive, social, psychological, mood, or motor benefits beyond normal functioning. Pharmacological neuroenhancement agents may include compounds thought to be nootropics, such as modafinil, [1] [3] caffeine, [4] [5] and other drugs used for treating people with neurological ...
Neurohackers use a class of chemical substances that improve higher order brain functions called nootropics. The term nootropics was first proposed in 1972 by Corneliu Giurgea, a Romanian chemist from University of Bucharest. [7] In his study, he classified Piracetam as a nootropic and determined that nootropics should fit the following criteria:
A motivation-enhancing drug, [2] [3] also known as a pro-motivational drug, [1] is a drug which increases motivation. [ 4 ] [ 1 ] Drugs enhancing motivation can be used in the treatment of motivational deficits , for instance in depression , schizophrenia , and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
The classifications of substances as performance-enhancing substances are not entirely clear-cut and objective. As in other types of categorization, certain prototype performance enhancers are universally classified as such (like anabolic steroids), whereas other substances (like vitamins and protein supplements) are virtually never classified as performance enhancers despite their effects on ...
Some supposed nootropic substances are compounds and analogues of choline, a precursor of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) and phosphatidylcholine (a structural component of cell membranes). Alpha-GPC – L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine has been studied only in the context of cognitive performance alongside other substances such as caffeine.
CE-123, or as the active enantiomer (S)-CE-123, is an analog of modafinil, the most researched of a series of structurally related heterocyclic derivatives. [1] [2] [3] In animal studies, CE-123 was found to improve performance on tests of learning and memory in a manner consistent with a nootropic effect profile.
Many other modafinil analogues have also subsequently been developed, not specifically as wakefulness-promoting agents but for treatment of conditions like psychostimulant use disorder and motivational disorders. [27] [28] [29] [17]