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Nootropics belong to a category of dietary supplements that are specifically designed to enhance cognitive functions, boost creativity, motivation, and overall mental performance.
Nootropics (/ n oʊ. ə ˈ t r oʊ p ɪ k s / noh-ə-TROHP-iks or / n oʊ. ə ˈ t r ɒ p ɪ k s / noh-ə-TROP-iks), [1] colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs and cognitive enhancers, are natural, semisynthetic or synthetic compounds which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention or memory.
[1] [2] Agents or methods of neuroenhancement are intended to affect cognitive, social, psychological, mood, or motor benefits beyond normal functioning. Pharmacological neuroenhancement agents may include compounds thought to be nootropics, such as modafinil, [1] [3] caffeine, [4] [5] and other drugs used for treating people with neurological ...
Some supposed nootropic substances are compounds and analogues of choline, a precursor of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) and phosphatidylcholine (a structural component of cell membranes). Alpha-GPC – L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine has been studied only in the context of cognitive performance alongside other substances such as caffeine.
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Stimulants produce a fast-acting and pronounced but transient and short-lived mood lift. [49] [50] [47] [45] In relation to this, they are minimally effective in the treatment of depression when administered continuously. [49] [50] In addition, tolerance to the mood-lifting effects of amphetamine has led to dose escalation and dependence. [48]
Neurohackers use a class of chemical substances that improve higher order brain functions called nootropics. The term nootropics was first proposed in 1972 by Corneliu Giurgea, a Romanian chemist from University of Bucharest. [7] In his study, he classified Piracetam as a nootropic and determined that nootropics should fit the following criteria:
Phenylpiracetam, also known as fonturacetam (INN Tooltip International nonproprietary name) and sold under the brand names Phenotropil, Actitropil, and Carphedon among others, is a stimulant and nootropic medication used in Russia and certain other Eastern European countries in the treatment of cerebrovascular deficiency, depression, apathy, and attention, and memory problems, among other ...