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  2. ABO blood group system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABO_blood_group_system

    The cis-AB phenotype has a single enzyme that creates both A and B antigens. The resulting red blood cells do not usually express A or B antigen at the same level that would be expected on common group A 1 or B red blood cells, which can help solve the problem of an apparently genetically impossible blood group. [33]

  3. Blood type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type

    Blood group B individuals have the B antigen on the surface of their RBCs, and blood serum containing IgM antibodies against the A antigen. Therefore, a group B individual can receive blood only from individuals of groups B or O (with B being preferable), and can donate blood to individuals with type B or AB.

  4. ABO (gene) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABO_(gene)

    The B allele encodes α-1,3-galactosyl transferase (B-transferase), which catalyzes the transfer of Gal residues from the UDP-Gal donor nucleotide to the Gal residues of the acceptor H antigen, converting the H antigen into B antigen in B and AB individuals.

  5. B cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_cell

    When a naïve or memory B cell is activated by an antigen, it proliferates and differentiates into an antibody-secreting effector cell, known as a plasmablast or plasma cell. [2] In addition, B cells present antigens (they are also classified as professional antigen-presenting cells, APCs) and secrete cytokines. [1]

  6. Human blood group systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_blood_group_systems

    The term human blood group systems is defined by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) as systems in the human species where cell-surface antigens—in particular, those on blood cells—are "controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them", [1] and include the common ABO and Rh ...

  7. Lewis antigen system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_antigen_system

    If no further modifications are made to the H antigen, the person is type O. When the A gene product acts on the H antigen and adds an N-acetylgalactosamine, the A antigen results and the person is type A. When the B gene product acts on the H antigen to add a galactose, the B antigen results and the person is type B. [2]

  8. Epitope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitope

    The part of the antigen that immunoglobulin or antibodies bind to is called a B-cell epitope. [11] B cell epitopes can be divided into two groups: conformational or linear. [11] B cell epitopes are mainly conformational. [12] [13] There are additional epitope types when the quaternary structure is considered. [13]

  9. HBsAg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBsAg

    Today, these antigen-proteins can be genetically manufactured (e.g. transgene E. coli) to produce material for a simple antigen test, which detects the presence of HBV. It is present in the sera of patients with viral hepatitis B (with or without clinical symptoms). Patients who developed antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBsAg seroconversion) are ...