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  2. Lewis antigen system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_antigen_system

    The Lewis antigen system is a human blood group system. It is based upon two genes on chromosome 19: FUT3, or Lewis gene; and FUT2, or Secretor gene. Both genes are expressed in glandular epithelia. FUT2 has a dominant allele which codes for an enzyme (designated Se) and a recessive allele which does not produce a functional enzyme (designated se).

  3. Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_and...

    The rearrangements of heavy-chains are different from the light chains because DNA undergoes rearrangements of V-D-J gene segments in the heavy chains. These reorganizations of gene segments produce gene sequence from 5 prime to 3 prime ends such as a short leader exon, an intron, a joined VDJ segment, a second intron and several gene segments.

  4. Diego antigen system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_antigen_system

    The Diego antigen (or blood group) system is composed of 21 blood factors or antigens carried on the Band 3 glycoprotein, also known as Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1). The antigens are inherited through various alleles of the gene SLC4A1 (Solute carrier family 4), located on human chromosome 17.

  5. Immunoglobulin class switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_class_switching

    After activation by antigen, these B cells proliferate. If these activated B cells encounter specific signaling molecules via their CD40 and cytokine receptors (both modulated by T helper cells), they undergo antibody class switching to produce IgG, IgA or IgE antibodies. During class switching, the constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy ...

  6. Major histocompatibility complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_histocompatibility...

    Two chains, called α & β, whose ligands are the CD4 receptors borne by helper T cells. III: Other immune proteins, outside antigen processing and presentation, such as components of the complement cascade (e.g., C2, C4, factor B), the cytokines of immune signaling (e.g., TNF-α), and heat shock proteins buffering cells from stresses Various

  7. Epitope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitope

    The part of the antigen that immunoglobulin or antibodies bind to is called a B-cell epitope. [11] B cell epitopes can be divided into two groups: conformational or linear. [11] B cell epitopes are mainly conformational. [12] [13] There are additional epitope types when the quaternary structure is considered. [13]

  8. Immunogenicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunogenicity

    However, strictly speaking, immunogenicity refers to the ability of an antigen to induce an adaptive immune response. Thus an antigen might bind specifically to a T or B cell receptor, but not induce an adaptive immune response. If the antigen does induce a response, it is an 'immunogenic antigen', which is referred to as an immunogen.

  9. Recombinant antibodies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_antibodies

    Two main strategies have been described to engineer the scFv fragments. The first one is the so-called non-colinear approach. It works on the principle of heterodimerization of two chains. Non-colinear approach leads to production of diabodies and recombinant antibodies, which combine two specificities.

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