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  2. Hypotonic hyponatremia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotonic_hyponatremia

    Hypoosmolar hyponatremia is a condition where hyponatremia is associated with a low plasma osmolality. [1] The term "hypotonic hyponatremia" is also sometimes used.[2]When the plasma osmolarity is low, the extracellular fluid volume status may be in one of three states: low volume, normal volume, or high volume.

  3. Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_salt-wasting_syndrome

    The term "cerebral hyponatremia" was suggested in the work of Epstein, et al. 1961. Inappropriate release of endogenous vasopressin is probably responsible for hyponatremia in tuberculous meningitis. Inability to excrete water normally is also a feature of the salt wasting of certain hyponatremic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

  4. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapidly_progressive_glomer...

    Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a syndrome of the kidney that is characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function, [4] [5] (usually a 50% decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) within 3 months) [5] with glomerular crescent formation seen in at least 50% [5] or 75% [4] of glomeruli seen on kidney biopsies.

  5. Fluid restriction diet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_restriction_diet

    Reducing fluid intake can alleviate stress on the body and may reduce additional complications. A fluid restriction diet is generally medically advised for patients with "heart problems, renal disease, liver damage including cirrhosis, endocrine and adrenal gland issues, elevated stress hormones and hyponatremia". [1]

  6. Kidney dialysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_dialysis

    Schematic of semipermeable membrane during hemodialysis, where blood is red, dialysing fluid is blue, and the membrane is yellow. Kidney dialysis [a] is the process of removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood in people whose kidneys can no longer perform these functions naturally.

  7. Chronic kidney disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease

    Other benefits of early nephrology referral include proper education regarding options for kidney replacement therapy as well as pre-emptive transplantation, and timely workup and placement of an arteriovenous fistula in those people with chronic kidney disease opting for future hemodialysis.

  8. Acute kidney injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_kidney_injury

    Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [1] [2] is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within seven days, [3] as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both.

  9. Diffuse proliferative nephritis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_proliferative...

    Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) is a type of glomerulonephritis that is the most serious form of renal lesions in SLE and is also the most common, occurring in 35% to 60% of patients. [1]