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Dark green crystals of nickelocene, sublimed and freshly deposited on a cold finger Sublimation of iodine. Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state. [1] The verb form of sublimation is sublime, or less preferably, sublimate. [2]
In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of sublimation, or heat of sublimation, is the heat required to sublimate (change from solid to gas) one mole of a substance at a given combination of temperature and pressure, usually standard temperature and pressure (STP). It is equal to the cohesive energy of the solid.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 February 2025. This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Iodine (disambiguation). Chemical element with atomic number 53 (I) Iodine, 53 I Iodine Pronunciation / ˈ aɪ ə d aɪ n, - d ɪ n, - d iː n / (EYE -ə-dyne, -din, -deen) Appearance lustrous metallic gray solid ...
J.A. Dean (ed.), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.4, Heats of Fusion, Vaporization, and Sublimation and Specific Heat at Various Temperatures of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Polyatomic nonmetals form structures or molecules in which each atom has two or three nearest neighbours (carbon: C x; phosphorus: P 4; sulfur: S 8; selenium: Se x); diatomic nonmetals form molecules in which each atom has one nearest neighbour (hydrogen: H 2; nitrogen: N 2; oxygen: O 2; fluorine: F 2; chlorine: Cl 2; bromine: Br 2; iodine: I 2 ...
Chlorine is an irritating green-yellow diatomic gas that is extremely reactive, and has a gaseous density of 3.2 × 10 −3 g/cm 3 (about 2.5 times heavier than air). It condenses at −34.04 °C to an amber-coloured liquid and freezes at −101.5 °C into a yellow crystalline solid.
For example, the chemically very active nonmetals fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine have an average electronegativity of 3.19—a figure [i] higher than that of any metallic element. The chemical distinctions between metals and nonmetals is connected to the attractive force between the positive nuclear charge of an individual atom and its ...
Conditions are so chosen that the solid volatilizes and condenses as a purified compound on a cooled surface, leaving the non-volatile residual impurities or solid products behind. The form of the cooled surface often is a so-called cold finger which for very low-temperature sublimation may actually be cryogenically cooled.