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A hydrophilic molecule or portion of a molecule is one whose interactions with water and other polar substances are more thermodynamically favorable than their interactions with oil or other hydrophobic solvents. [2][3] They are typically charge-polarized and capable of hydrogen bonding. This makes these molecules soluble not only in water but ...
Carboxylic acid. In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C (=O)−OH) [1] attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C (O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or ...
This is caused by R-group interactions such as ionic and hydrogen bonds, disulphide bridges, and hydrophobic & hydrophilic interactions. Protein tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a protein. The tertiary structure will have a single polypeptide chain "backbone" with one or more protein secondary structures, the protein domains.
Phospholipids[1] are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule). Marine phospholipids typically have omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA integrated as part of the phospholipid molecule. [2]
The lipophilic group is typically a large hydrocarbon moiety, such as a long chain of the form CH 3 (CH 2) n, with n > 4. The hydrophilic group falls into one of the following categories: [citation needed] charged groups anionic. Examples, with the lipophilic part of the molecule represented by R, are: carboxylates: RCO 2 −; sulfates: RSO 4 ...
Protein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or otherwise modifying its ...
R groupmay refer to: In chemistry: Pendant groupor side group. Side chain. Substituent. In mathematics: Tempered representation. Topics referred to by the same term. This disambiguationpage lists articles associated with the title R group.
These hydrophobic groups usually have long carbon chain and do not react with water molecules. When dissolving in water a protein molecule will curl up into a ball-like shape, leaving hydrophilic groups in outside while hydrophobic groups are deeply buried within the centre. [citation needed]