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İstiklal Avenue (Turkish: İstiklal Caddesi, lit. 'Independence Avenue') is a 1.4 kilometre (0.87 mi) pedestrian street in the historic Beyoğlu (Pera) district in Istanbul , Turkey . It is one of the most famous avenues in the city.
The main entrance of Çiçek Pasajı (Cité de Péra) on İstiklal Avenue The row of restaurants facing the main entrance on İstiklal Avenue Looking up towards the glass cupola and roof above the atrium
Beyoğlu continued to be named Pera during the Middle Ages and, in western languages, into the early 20th century. According to the prevailing theory, the Turkish name of Pera, Beyoğlu, meaning "Bey's Son" in Turkish, is a modification by folk etymology of the Venetian title of Bailo.
Istiglal anti-materiel rifle, Azerbaijani gun; Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta, or Masjid Istiqlal, or Independence Mosque, National mosque of Indonesia; Istiqlal Mosque in Haifa, Israel
The imposing main altar, erected in 1772, is made of pink Carrara marble and is adorned with the Icon donated by Maria Draperis. [3] The church is adorned with four paintings, three being of Venetian school. [3] The first on the right side entering the church - painted in 1873 - represents the immaculate Virgin with two Franciscan saints. [3]
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Travelling between these two districts was challenging, since grades were as steep as 24%. The main street between these two areas, Yüksek Kaldırım (High Pavement) Avenue, saw an average of 40,000 people walking up and down it daily. [3] In 1867 a French engineer, Eugène-Henri Gavand, went to Istanbul, (Constantinople) as a tourist. [3]
Grand Pera is a shopping center and entertainment complex consisting of two historic buildings, the Emek Movie Theater (Turkish: Emek Sineması), a cinema, and the Cercle de l'Orient building (originally Grand Club), designed by architects Abraham Pasha and Alexandre Vallaury for residential use in 1883.