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The name "peek" is similar to the basic "push" and "pop" operations on a stack, but the name for this operation varies depending on data type and language. Peek is generally considered an inessential operation, compared with the more basic operations of adding and removing data, and as such is not included in the basic definition of these data ...
Several of the C++ Standard Library container types have push_back and pop_back operations with LIFO semantics; additionally, the stack template class adapts existing containers to provide a restricted API with only push/pop operations. PHP has an SplStack class. Java's library contains a Stack class that is a specialization of Vector.
Commonly provided are dup, to duplicate the element atop the stack, exch (or swap), to exchange elements atop the stack (the first becomes second and the second becomes first), roll, to cyclically permute elements in the stack or on part of the stack, pop (or drop), to discard the element atop the stack (push is implicit), and others. These ...
The stack is often used to store variables of fixed length local to the currently active functions. Programmers may further choose to explicitly use the stack to store local data of variable length. If a region of memory lies on the thread's stack, that memory is said to have been allocated on the stack, i.e. stack-based memory allocation (SBMA).
A queue has two ends, the top, which is the only position at which the push operation may occur, and the bottom, which is the only position at which the pop operation may occur. A queue may be implemented as circular buffers and linked lists, or by using both the stack pointer and the base pointer.
With a stack stored completely in RAM, this does implicit writes and reads of the in-memory stack: Load X, push to memory; Load 1, push to memory; Pop 2 values from memory, add, and push result to memory; for a total of 5 data cache references. The next step up from this is a stack machine or interpreter with a single top-of-stack register.
Smarty is a web template system written in PHP.Smarty is primarily promoted as a tool for separation of concerns. [2] Smarty is intended to simplify compartmentalization, allowing the front-end of a web page to change separately from its back-end.
The address and value parameters may contain expressions, as long as the evaluated expressions correspond to valid memory addresses or values, respectively.A valid address in this context is an address within the computer's address space, while a valid value is (typically) an unsigned value between zero and the maximum unsigned number that the minimum addressable unit (memory cell) may hold.