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Another example of artificial cloning is molecular cloning, a technique in molecular biology in which a single living cell is used to clone a large population of cells that contain identical DNA molecules. In bioethics, there are a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning.
Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine. [2]
Most other cells cannot divide indefinitely as after a few cycles of cell division the cells stop expressing an enzyme telomerase.The genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), continues to shorten with each cell division, and cells eventually stop dividing when they sense that their DNA is critically shortened.
Cloning animals requires procedures that can cause pain and distress, and there can be high failure and mortality rates.” Being able to produce genetically identical monkeys could be useful ...
However, the cloning was done from early embryonic cells, while the sheep Dolly in 1996 was cloned from an adult cell. [82] Megan and Morag were sheep cloned from differentiated embryonic cells in 1995. Dolly (1996–2003), first cloned mammal from adult somatic cells. She had six lambs. [83]
Nuclear transfer is a delicate process that is a major hurdle in the development of cloning technology. [5] Materials used in this procedure are a microscope, a holding pipette (small vacuum) to keep the oocyte in place, and a micropipette (hair-thin needle) capable of extracting the nucleus of a cell using a vacuum.
Transformation has a different meaning in relation to animals, indicating progression to a cancerous state, so the process used to insert foreign DNA into animal cells is usually called transfection. [35] There are many ways to directly introduce DNA into animal cells in vitro. Often these cells are stem cells that are used for gene therapy.
Christian views on cloning; Clone (cell biology) Clone manager; Cloning vector; Commercial animal cloning; ... Tianjin animal cloning center; Tong Dizhou; TOPO cloning;