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Organometallic compounds of electropositive metals are superbases, but they are generally strong nucleophiles. Examples include organolithium and organomagnesium ( Grignard reagent ) compounds. Another type of organometallic superbase has a reactive metal exchanged for a hydrogen on a heteroatom , such as oxygen (unstabilized alkoxides ) or ...
A hydroxide ion acting as a nucleophile in an S N 2 reaction, converting a haloalkane into an alcohol. In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair. All molecules and ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they ...
Another group of superacids, the carborane acid group, contains some of the strongest known acids. Finally, when treated with anhydrous acid, zeolites (microporous aluminosilicate minerals) will contain superacidic sites within their pores. These materials are used on massive scale by the petrochemical industry in the upgrading of hydrocarbons ...
The rate equation for S N 2 reactions are bimolecular being first order in Nucleophile and first order in Reagent. The determining factor when both S N 2 and S N 1 reaction mechanisms are viable is the strength of the Nucleophile. Nuclephilicity and basicity are linked and the more nucleophilic a molecule becomes the greater said nucleophile's ...
Initial electronic structure calculations of aluminium(I) nucleophiles were gained using ab initio calculations. Cimpoesu and coworkers analyzed the first monomeric aluminium(I) compound by plotting the contour map of the Laplacian of the electron density inside the molecule and found that there is indeed a lone pair localized on the aluminium ...
The terms nucleophile and electrophile are sometimes interchangeable with Lewis base and Lewis acid, respectively. These terms, especially their abstract noun forms nucleophilicity and electrophilicity , emphasize the kinetic aspect of reactivity, while the Lewis basicity and Lewis acidity emphasize the thermodynamic aspect of Lewis adduct ...
If looked at from the point of view of an S N 2 reaction this would seem counterintuitive, since the C-F bond is amongst the strongest in organic chemistry, when indeed the fluoride is the ideal leaving group for an S N Ar due to the extreme polarity of the C-F bond. Nucleophiles can be amines, alkoxides, sulfides and stabilized carbanions. [5]
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