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Acute dystonic reactions: painful, muscular spasms of neck, jaw, back, extremities, eyes, throat, and tongue; highest risk in young men. [2] [10] Oculogyric crisis is a kind of acute dystonic reaction that involves the prolonged involuntary upward deviation of the eyes.
As of 2007, it was the most commonly used antihistamine for acute allergic reactions in the emergency department. [23] By injection, it is often used in addition to epinephrine for anaphylaxis, [24] although as of 2007 its use for this purpose had not been properly studied. [25] Its use is only recommended once acute symptoms have improved.
Recently, the procedure of deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven successful in a number of cases of severe generalised dystonia. [43] DBS as treatment for medication-refractory dystonia, on the other hand, may increase the risk of suicide in patients. However, reference data of patients without DBS therapy are lacking. [44]
Oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a rare sudden, paroxysmal, dystonic reaction that may manifest in response to specific drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or medical conditions, such as movement disorders. This neurological phenomenon is characterized by a sustained dystonic, conjugate, involuntary upward deviation of both eyes lasting seconds to hours.
Children and adolescents aged 1 year and older may be treated. The clinical experience is mainly on the short-term treatment of acute drug induced dystonic reactions. Doses should be reduced according to the weight of the patients. [citation needed]
Dystonic reactions may be treated with benzatropine, diphenhydramine, trihexyphenidyl, or procyclidine. Symptoms usually subside with intramuscularly injected diphenhydramine. [4] Agents in the benzodiazepine class of drugs may be helpful, but benefits are usually modest, and the side effects of sedation and weakness can be problematic. [28]
A daughter of ex-House Speaker Nancy Pelosi ripped into outgoing first lady Jill Biden over the weekend — seemingly comparing her to Shakespeare’s power-hungry, ruthless Lady MacBeth. The Dem ...
Medication-induced akathisia is termed acute akathisia and is frequently associated with the use of antipsychotics. [15] Antipsychotics block dopamine receptors, but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Even so, drugs with successful therapeutic effects in the treatment of medication-induced akathisia have provided additional insight into ...