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This differential, which had not been scientifically investigated until recently, has a large effect on the rate of ice melting and the extent of ice cover. [1] Melt ponds can melt through to the ocean's surface. [2] Seawater entering the pond increases the melt rate because the salty water of the ocean is warmer than the fresh water of the pond.
The Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process (after Alfred Wegener, Tor Bergeron, and Walter Findeisen []), (or "cold-rain process") is a process of ice crystal growth that occurs in mixed phase clouds (containing a mixture of supercooled water and ice) in regions where the ambient vapor pressure falls between the saturation vapor pressure over water and the lower saturation vapor pressure over ice.
Meltwater (or melt water) is water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans. Meltwater is often found during early spring when snow packs and frozen rivers melt with rising temperatures, and in the ablation zone of glaciers where the rate of snow cover is reducing.
The movement of the water is influenced and directed by gravity and the melting of ice. [1] The melting of ice forms different types of glacial streams such as supraglacial, englacial, subglacial and proglacial streams. [1] Water enters supraglacial streams that sit at the top of the glacier via filtering through snow in the accumulation zone ...
Just like glaciers have carved the land, leaving behind features like valleys and boulder fields, geologists have suspected that ice shelves along the ocean could do the same to the seafloor.
The researchers' primary claim is that as the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica melt, a layer of cold, fresh water will build up over the ocean, trapping warmer, salty ocean water, with which ...
While first-year ridges melt approximately 4 times faster than surrounding level ice, [13] second-year ridges melt only 1.6 times faster than surrounding level ice. [11] Sea-ice ridges also play an important role in confining meltwater within under-ice meltwater layers, which may lead to the formation of false bottoms. [14]
The presence of melt ponds is affected by the permeability of the sea ice (i.e. whether meltwater can drain) and the topography of the sea ice surface (i.e. the presence of natural basins for the melt ponds to form in). First year ice is flatter than multiyear ice due to the lack of dynamic ridging, so ponds tend to have greater area.